Heating device



' Au 5. 19246 mowm P. J. A; MAEGNEN HEATING DEVICE Original Filed Sept. 20'. 1919 were; A 5, 2

" Tc all may-concem:

' 1 whereof the following are susceptible of fractional distillation or I less fixed carbon T; UNITED STATES FATE AUGUSTE MAIGNEN,

- Application filed September Bait known that I, Pnosrnn Jnimv Aueosrn IeNnN, a, citizen of France, re-

sidingat Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certainnew and useful Improvement in Heating Devices,

is a specification, referenee being had to drawing.

All combustible materials, classed as fuel,

disintegration", and such breaking up of fuels is imposed, more or less, by any at-. tempts to consumethe same. For instance; ordinary coal includes not onlylmore or and carbonaceous sub;

- stances, but more or less aqueous material;

so. that, upon being subjected to heat, coal first gives off drocarbon.

volatile matter, primarily water vapor and, secondary, gaseous h f ordinary soft coal is su jected toheat under suitable control; 'all of its volatile constituents ma be driven off, in succession, leaving a resi ue of fixed carbon, and such a result is substantially attained in the production of coke from bi-' tuminqus coal, or charcoal from wood in specially constructed and controlled ovensr By such costly and complicated apparatus,

. as a modern coke oven and its appurtenances, the major original contents may besaved for combustion, but, by ordiof suitable fuel na methods or means to which fuels are sub ected to eflect their combustion; the major portion of the latent energy thereof is wasted. For instance, by ordinary furvolatile substance o are ordinarily naces or stoves," such as used for domestic heating and'cookin' practically all of the fuel is discharged, unconsumed, for the reason that such devices designed to effect rapid comthe solid substance of the fuel.

words; to efi'ect complete combustion of In other I bustion of any fuel, its subjection to the action of heat must be so graduated as to permit the successive elimination therefrom of sivel its ingredients which volatilize at' succeshigher temperatures and they must mosphere mainischarged into an to to. effect their tained at proper temperate combustion ;-suc'h temperature varyingin acter, and no such conditionsan ordinary heating devlce.

cordance with the nature of the volatile matare realized init is the object of my invener'efore,

such fractional disintegration tion to eifect combustion of the accompanying h more? 1'' orrica or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

Emma nn vxcn 20, 1919, Serial No. seams. Renewed May 2, i924.

constituents of any fuel to be fully consumed in the order in which they may be rendered ignitible eat,

and combustion ;by the application of As hereinafter described, such results are attained in a substantial degree, by the meansand method characteristic of my invention and including the provision of an envelope for a body of fuel which, while retarding the initial combustion of the solid constituents, of the fuel, permits the volatile constituents to escape and be consumed in the order in which they are vaporized.

y invention includes the various novel features of construction and arrangement hereinafter more definitely specified.

In the drawing: Fig. I is a sectional view of a heating device embodying my invention and including a'piece of fuel inan individual container, formed by enveloping said piece in a coating of plast c material of a semirefractory nature.

Fig. II ieasectional view of a heating device embodying my invention and including several distinct pieces of fuel in a common container, ,formed by imbedding said pieces in afimass of plastic material.

Fig. III 'isa sectional view of a heating device embodying my invention 'and including a magma containing combustible material in an envelop which is a coating formed by dipping said magma in a liquid.

efer'ring to Fig. I: The fuel 1 is a piece of ordinary bituminous coal-.- The envelop 2 containing said fuel 1 is conveniently formed of aplastic medium spread thereon. Said container is conveniently preferably composed of semirefractorv ciently rable to remain integral while the mass subjected to; sufiicient heating to fractiona-lly distill and consume it, but is preferably-so far frangible that it readily.

material, sufiicrushes and disintegrates thereafter; sothat a fire made of such devices "may be stoked like an ordinary coal fire, and when stoked, the containers which have served their purpose disintegrate so that they may be readilv withdrawn with the ashes. I'find that suit able containers 2 may ture containing fire-clay, sand, and liquid sodium silicate. However, ordina hydraulic cement may be used with orsu be m'ade from a mix-- tuted for the fire-clay in said mixture, and other binding material may be substituted for the silicate. For instance, crude asphaltum or coal tar may be used as such binder. However, it is to be particularly noted that the liquid sodium silicate aforesaid is not mixed with the fuel, but included in a distinct coating or envelop exterior to the fuel but retained thereon during combustion of the fuel.

Althou h air may be admitted to and gaseous e ements be evolved from said envelopin material 2, through pores wh ch are invisible to the naked eye; I have mdicated openings 3 and 4 for such purpose in the heating device shown in Fig. I, which may be termed a briquet, and it is to be un-' derstood that such openings as are indicated at 3 in said figuremay be formed by tumcombustible material, are enveloped in the combustible material bling such briquets in a rotary drum or sieve which knocks ofi the projecting corners of the container 2, or openings such as indicated at 4 in Fig. I may be formed by causing such briquets to roll down an inclined surface provided with suitable projections.

Referring to the form of my invention shown in Fig. II; the fuel elements 6 which may be fragments of coal, wood, or other container 7 which may be formed of plastic material smeared or molded thereon and having-suitable pores or openings 8.

Referring to the form of my invention shown in Fig. III; the fuel element 10 may be a magma of compressed cellulose such as Waste paper, sawdust, straw, weeds or other impregnated with crude oil or other hydrocarbon and the shell 11 containing it may be formed of such plastic material as above described or by dipping said magma in liquid sodium silicate and drying it. As above noted; the ores of the enveloping material may be invisible to the naked eye, and it is to be understood that said shell 11 is porous,

' although no openings therethrough may be apparent in Fig. III.

The bri uets indicated in Figs. I and II, as above, escribed, resemble coal in that they are designed to be ignited by what may be termed a base fire, of more readily combustible material such as wood kindlings;

combustible oil and having a distinct thick contents to seep throu h to the outer s'urface, in position to be; ignited.

Therefore, it is to be understood that a heating device constructed in accordance with my invention may include a'unitary piece of solid fuel, such as coal or wood, or may contain a number ofloose units of solid fuel and in either case may contain a liquid or semiliquid combustible material.

Moreover, the shell or container enveloping such fuel elements may consist of a' film of fire resisting material either smeared or molded upon the fuel elements, or formed independently thereof, and may be unitary,

affording access to the interior only by breakage of its Walls, or may be formed in separable parts which may be repeatedly use Furthermore, when fuel briquets involving my invention are to be'use'd in burning cement; the shells of the briquets may include the same material as is used for fluxing cement, and, when they are used for fusing iron, from its ore, such shells may contain a calcium derlvative or other suitable flux for the iron.

In any case; the process of utilizing my improved heating devices includes What may be considered several steps, stance; in treating peat, first, the free moisture is driven off as the temperature rises above that of the atmosphere until substantially all the free Water is eliminated when the temperature reaches from 212 F., to 302 F. Second, the volatile combustible matters begin to be liberated and are ignited and burnt whentheir respective flash points are reached. Men the temperature reaches 480 F., the" light hydrocarbons begin to evolve and continue to do so as the temperature rises to from 617 F., to 753 F. Then, third, if air has access to the remaining fixed carbon, it becomes incandescent and continues to burn, as coke or charcoal, until it is reduced'to ash. In

such manner, all of the fuel value of the peat is utilized.

Therefore, I do not desire to limit myself to the precise details of construction and arrangement herein set forth, as it is obvious that various modifications may be made therein, without departing from the essential features of my invention, as defined in the appended claim.

I claim:

A fuel briquet including peat mixed with coating of cementitious material which is fire resistant.

In. testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, this ninth day of September, 1919.

for in- 

